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China’s Vegetable Exports To International Environmental Analysis

   (A) the growing number of green barriers

Vegetable quality and safety issue is one of the focuses of attention, involving physical and mental health consumers, quality of life and socio-economic sustainable development, related to the WTO under the framework of our country and vegetables in the international and domestic markets more competitive. After accession to the WTO, China’s agricultural products to enter the international market, although the doors widened, but the threshold did not reduce the constraints of the role of non-tariff barriers more obvious. Developed countries in the tariff cut, in order to protect human health and the environment name, a variety of Chinese agricultural products to build a “green barrier.” In this regard, China’s agricultural products to smoothly enter the markets of developed countries, in addition to quality has reached internationally accepted standards of food hygiene, but also to meet the developed countries to develop their own more stringent technical standards.

1. Vegetable production, processing and quality standards higher and higher in some developed countries use their advanced agricultural production, processing technology and management advantages, by means of legislation, enacting strict mandatory technical standards. China’s vegetable product quality and appearance and inherent requirements of a wide gap between the developed countries, and vegetables, food products, preservation, refrigeration, storage and transportation and other sectors of the hard to reach international standards, severely limited the international market development.

2. Vegetables more strict quarantine regime

World Health Organization and UN Food and Agriculture has formulated a number of detection and management objectives, is particularly concerned about whether there are pesticide residues in vegetable products pollution, heavy metal pollution, bacteria, excessive and so on. Japan enacted “Plant Quarantine Act Implementation Rules,” so that on many occasions China’s vegetable exports to Japan have been returned or destroyed fate.

3. Control of imported vegetables has become stronger

U.S. Food and Drug Administration to enforce the HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) program to become the global food industry product quality inspection and control of common guidelines. In April 1998, the U.S. FDA published the “maximum reduction of fresh fruits, vegetables risk of bacterial contamination of food safety and sanitation guidelines,” demanding in fruits, vegetables and juice production process, the implementation of HACCP system in fruit juice, vegetable juice products for a labeling scheme .

(B) safeguard measures and far-reaching

1. China’s vegetable industry as a reason for anti-dumping WTO rules allow the use of import restrictions, national implementation of the safeguard measures have a certain “reasonableness.” However, in the contemporary world trade policies, trade liberalization, and many of the traditional means of protection is strictly prohibited backdrop, security measures of this “legitimate” means of trade protection is becoming the country’s “new favorite” for the normal development of world trade poses a serious threat.

The reason why China’s exports frequently safeguard measures and special safeguard measures, mainly because there are still some countries in the world of trade protectionist policies, governments in the domestic interest groups, often under pressure to take, including safeguards, including trade restrictions. At the same time, we should also see that the rapid growth of China’s exports are also frequently safeguard measures and special safeguard measures for one important reason.

2. Safeguard measures on China’s exports of vegetables

2001 Nian April 23 to November 8, due to China’s vegetable exports to Japan a sharp increase in Japan’s unilateral decision, right from our green onions, shiitake mushrooms and rush to implement “emergency import restrictions.” Japan’s current restrictive measures against our country and vegetables with a clear color trade protection seriously affect China’s vegetable exports to the region, China’s main export vegetables, vegetable farmers and processing enterprises resulted in enormous losses. The import restrictions so that our country has suffered serious losses, shows that our vegetables, no absolute international competitiveness.

In addition, China’s exports is also subject to special safeguard measures against China’s special restrictions. According to China’s accession to WTO Protocol on the “transitional safeguard” provision, since the China’s “dead” date of 12 years, such as the Chinese products on the substantial increase in exports of a country and lead to the country’s domestic market disruption or market disruption threat, the country could import restrictions imposed on Chinese products measures. Since China’s accession to WTO, there have been the United States, the European Union, India, Peru and other countries against Chinese products were 11 cases of special safeguard measures in the investigation.

Safeguard measures, emergency safeguard measures and the excessive nature of safeguard measures, if adopted, at least in a few years or even 10 years time, to influence China’s vegetable exports. November 17, 2003, the U.S. government unilaterally knit fabrics, bras, dressing gowns to take special safeguard measures. Experts predict that the move may lead to other U.S. industries, other countries to take safeguard measures against Chinese products, its impact is far-reaching ripple effects.

(C) anti-dumping frequently shot

1. Vegetable industry in China encountered the reasons for the anti-dumping

(1) Anti-dumping in the vegetable industry, the effectiveness of protection. Notwithstanding the provisions of the price trigger, and the number of touches, but compared to the anti-dumping is simple to implement, but also easy to retaliation, therefore, leading to frequent use of foreign anti-dumping measures on China’s comparative advantage in agricultural products with the anti-dumping accusations.

(2) international agricultural trade protection forces have gained strength. Agricultural products plays an important role in the national economy, countries to safeguard their own interests, restrictions on foreign agricultural products to take measures to prevent domestic agriculture in the international competition at a disadvantage. Meanwhile, China has a comparative advantage in agricultural exports of some substantial growth, many countries fear the impact of China’s agricultural products of its domestic market, anti-dumping in the name of the implementation of agricultural trade protection in reality.

(3) The foreign policy of discrimination against our country. The international level in some countries the ideological bias of our society, or do not quite understand China’s economic development. On China’s implementation of “non-market economy” status, in determining whether there is dumping of export products of a surrogate country selection often lost a fair, which is China’s export enterprises are often found to be a major cause of dumping.

2. Anti-dumping on China’s export of vegetables

Our country is being subjected to unfair international biggest victim of anti-dumping. In order to offset the significant reduction in tariffs and the significant price advantage of China’s vegetable countries the anti-dumping as the most effective protection measures. According to WTO statistics show that from 1979 to 2003, more than 30 countries and regions, more than 4000 kinds of export products to China to launch nearly 500 anti-dumping and safeguard investigations. In 1994, the U.S. imposed on Chinese garlic 376.65% of the high anti-dumping tax, garlic from China out of the U.S. market.

(D) WTO rules are abused

1. The new long-standing agricultural protectionism

The name of the importing country socio-economic sustainable development strategies and the guise of protecting human health in the WTO negotiations, strengthen the “green exceptions to rights”, it continually revised consumer protection law and national environmental regulations and improve quality standards for agricultural imports, as a protection of substantial damage to domestic industry is not a powerful weapon. Restrictions on the importing country objectively become the basis for China’s agricultural exports. Importing countries to protect the interests of their farmers, the pan with the “anti-dumping”, “countervailing” and the “Safeguards Agreement” restrict China’s exports of agricultural products. This is a major exporter of agricultural products in China to become an obstacle.

2. WTO defect

The new WTO agricultural protectionism is the use of one’s own shortcomings and technological advantages to implement agricultural protection. TBT and SPS provide those countries with the implementation of the power of the green barriers.
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